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Construal level theory
Construal level theory (CLT) is a theory in social psychology that describes the relation between psychological distance and the extent to which people's thinking (e.g., about objects and events) is abstract or concrete.〔Trope, Yaacov, & Liberman, Nira (2010). (Construal-level theory of psychological distance ). Psychological Review, 117(2), 440-463.〕〔 The general idea is that the more distant an object is from the individual, the more abstract it will be thought of, while the closer the object is, the more concretely it will be thought of. In CLT, psychological distance is defined on several dimensions — temporal, spatial, social and hypothetical distance being considered most important,〔Bar-Anan, Yoav, Liberman, Nira, & Trope, Yaacov (2006). The association between psychological distance and construal level: Evidence from an implicit association test. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 135(4), 609-622.〕 though there is some debate among social psychologists about further dimensions like informational, experiential or affective distance.〔Fiedler, Klaus (2007). Construal level theory as an integrative framework for behavioral decision-making research and consumer psychology. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 17(2), 101-106.〕
An example of construal level effects would be that although planning one's next summer vacation one year in advance (in the distant future) will cause one to focus on broad, decontextualized features of the situation (e.g., anticipating fun and relaxation), while the very same vacation planned to occur very soon will cause one to focus on specific features of the present situation (e.g. what restaurants to make reservations for, going for a trip in an off-road vehicle).
According to construal level theory people perceive events that vary in several types of psychological distance:
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